What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis?

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What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis?

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, an autoimmune condition characterized by red, scaly skin patches. The symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can vary widely in severity and often resemble those of other types of arthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis. Here are the common symptoms:

1. Joint Pain and Stiffness

Affected Joints: Pain and stiffness can occur in any joint, including those in the hands, feet, knees, spine, and shoulders. The pain may be worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Asymmetrical or Symmetrical Pain: Psoriatic arthritis can affect joints on just one side (asymmetrical) or both sides (symmetrical) of the body.

2. Swelling and Tenderness

Dactylitis (“Sausage Digits”): Swelling of entire fingers or toes, causing them to look like sausages, is a hallmark symptom of PsA. This condition often occurs in both the hands and feet.
Enthesitis: Inflammation where tendons and ligaments attach to bones, such as the Achilles tendon or the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia), leading to pain and tenderness in these areas.

3. Reduced Range of Motion

Limited Mobility: Stiff and swollen joints can restrict the range of motion, making everyday activities difficult.
Morning Stiffness: Stiffness that lasts for more than 30 minutes after waking up is common.

4. Skin and Nail Changes

Psoriasis Plaques: Red, scaly patches of skin, often on the scalp, elbows, knees, or lower back, may flare up or worsen with joint symptoms.
Nail Changes: Nail pitting (small dents in the nails), separation of the nail from the nail bed (onycholysis), or thickening and discoloration of the nails can occur.

5. Fatigue

Persistent Tiredness: Chronic inflammation can lead to fatigue and a feeling of being unwell. Fatigue may also result from poor sleep due to joint pain or the emotional impact of the disease.

6. Eye Problems

Uveitis or Iritis: Inflammation in the eyes can cause pain, redness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. If you experience eye symptoms, it’s important to seek immediate medical attention.

7. Lower Back Pain

Spondylitis: Inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae in the spine can lead to lower back pain and stiffness. This form of psoriatic arthritis affects the sacroiliac joints, located at the base of the spine.

8. Foot Pain

Plantar Fasciitis: Pain at the bottom of the heel, caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia, can be common.
Achilles Tendinitis: Pain at the back of the heel where the Achilles tendon attaches to the bone.

9. Generalized Symptoms

Swelling of Other Body Parts: Besides fingers and toes, there may be general swelling in areas like the knees or ankles.
Warmth and Redness: Inflamed joints may feel warm and look red.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent joint pain, swelling, or skin and nail changes, especially if you have a history of psoriasis, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage.